Picking equipment and process technology (1)
First, the components of the picking equipment
Different methods and different types of pickers are required for the selection of ores of different nature. The various types of picking machines are basically the same. The main components are: feeding system, irradiation and detection system, information processing system, sorting execution system, as shown in Figure 1. The auxiliary parts are: feeding bin, transmission mechanism, Frame, air compressor, etc.
(I) Feeding system The function of the feeding system is to make the materials in a single layer, single column (or multiple columns) evenly distributed to the illumination and detection system of the machine. In the case of block sorting, the nuggets are not required to overlap, and there must be a certain distance between the nuggets. In order to meet such requirements, it is generally required to feed several grades. The first stage feeds the miner to control the feed amount, and the second and third stage feeds the ore to line up the ore and pull a certain distance from each other. After the ore is fed to the mine by several stages, its running speed can be accelerated from 0.1 to 0.2 meters per second to 2 to 5 meters per second.
The feeding equipment that is often used has a flat or channel type electromagnetic vibration feeding machine, a belt feeding machine, a cone feeding machine and the like. In addition, there are V-belt feeders (V-shaped by two small belts), two-roller feeders and other feeding equipment. Skateboards and chutes are also commonly used in feed systems, which have the advantage of being simple and economical. [next]
In order to improve the processing capacity of the sorting equipment, a multi-channel sorting machine is often used. According to the ore granularity, there may be two, three, four, five, and six channels, so the multi-channel type is also adopted for the mining machine. The feeding device has a cross section of a triangle, a trapezoid, a circular arc and the like, as shown in Fig. 2.
(II) Irradiation and detection system The illumination and detection system is an important part of the picker. The illumination part of the picker is closely related to the detection part. In order to ensure that the picking machine has sufficient processing capacity, the irradiation time and detection time of the ore block generally need to be completed within a few milliseconds, so there are high requirements for the illumination source and the detector.
A Irradiation system The main components of the illumination system are the illumination sources, and different sorting methods use different illumination sources.
The irradiation sources used in the γ absorption method, the γ scattering method, and the γ fluorescence method are all radioisotopes. And radioactive sorting does not require special illumination source, uranium (Th) of ore in the γ-ray emission is detected by the detector can be used. The characteristics of the gamma irradiation source available are listed in Table 1. Depending on the requirements of the picking, gamma sources with different energies and longer half-lives can be selected. In the process of use, in order to obtain directional illumination and reliable protection, the gamma irradiation source should be placed in the collimator, and the collimator is made of a material with good shielding effect (such as lead ), and its structure is shown in Fig. 3. [next]
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The neutron absorption method can be used as a neutron source in an ampoule. The characteristics of the neutron source are shown in Table 2. Other isotopes such as helium can also be used. All of the neutrons emitted by these sources are fast neutrons. To become a thermal neutron required for sorting, the neutron source is placed in a deceleration-reflecting device.
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