Quality in the process of transformer procurement
Liu Tianming, Ma Chunyuan
Sinosteel Jilin Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.
Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province, Chishun Carbon Co., Ltd.
Abstract: Analyze the quality components in the process of transformer procurement and interpret the quality of each element.
Keywords: transformer procurement quality
1 Introduction
A transformer is an indispensable and important intermediate energy conversion transmission component compared to a large power system or a local power system. However, the transformer itself is composed of many effective and useful elements. The essence of the manufacturer's manufacture of transformers is that the effective and effective components of the transformers can be effectively deformed and combined according to the relevant requirements. This can be understood and understood. In the transformer manufacturing process, the transformer manufacturers only form The final combined production unit of the transformer entity is not the manufacturing unit that constitutes the effective and useful elements of the transformer. Some effective and useful elements need to be purchased externally. This leads to the sales process and design process in the transformer manufacturing process. After another process - the procurement process of the transformer.
2. Definition of transformer procurement process
The transformer procurement process in this paper refers to all the procurement actions that the transformer manufacturer implements on the market in the process of manufacturing the transformer due to one or more of one or more needs.
The market economy requires that the speed of response and the pursuit of quality limits of the parties involved in the production of a certain project lead to a high degree of specialization in the division of labor. The complexity of the functions and structural requirements of the products has led to the highly integrated production of large-scale industrial products. This is one of the characteristics of the production and manufacture of all large-scale industrial products in the world. It is difficult for a factory or a company to complete the production and supply of raw materials from the production and supply of raw materials to the final products. It is necessary to implement some effective and useful elements that will constitute the products. Purchasing externally, the only way to achieve product quality in a short period of time, to achieve specialization of each production unit, to achieve accurate resource allocation, to achieve the shortest time limit to meet customer requirements, to achieve maximum social benefits, can achieve Enterprise risk is minimized, as is the case with transformer manufacturing processes.
The traditional ordinary commercial trade procurement process is the intermediate process of re-sorting, packaging, selling, and economic appreciation after all the items that are circulated from the land to the B land are purchased. This is the case for the purchase and sale of daily necessities; The procurement process is that the transformer manufacturer must implement external procurement when it cannot meet some of the effective and useful elements of the transformer within its own working capacity and scope. The scope of procurement includes two aspects: 1 itself cannot be manufactured or produced. The quantity or time of manufacture can not meet the physical procurement when the production demand is satisfied, and the intellectual procurement of the technology (including management technology) that is insufficient (the management technology); the specific process of purchasing is the procurement process of the transformer.
3. Quality decomposition of transformer procurement process
The quality of the transformer physical procurement process covers five aspects: first, the quality of the technical contract (agreement) on the specific purchases between the transformer main manufacturer and each supplier, and secondly the quality of the specific purchased product itself. Third, the quality of the logistics process (including packaging quality), the fourth is the time quality of the procurement process (delivery quality), and the fifth is the quality of after-sales service.
Everything has rules of the game, and everything should follow the rules of the game. This is an important symbol of the legal society. The procurement process of transformers is no exception. The first priority at the beginning of the transformer procurement process is to sign the corresponding technical contract (agreement) and commercial contract between the transformer manufacturer and the supplier for the specific subject matter; the format clause can also be adopted when signing the technical contract (agreement) Non-format clauses should respect the facts, avoid infinite versatility and high-quality and high-standard requirements. Applicable, durable, economical and safe are the basic balance points. The content is detailed and appropriate, and there are not many more items, that is, it is now a certain degree. Regarding the future; when signing a business contract, you can use the format clause or the non-format clause, follow the principle of fair sale, correctly quantify the economic value of the subject matter, and avoid infinitely compressing the price of the contract, and try to make the quality equal to the market value. Strive to maximize the realization of the three-way win-win situation between the society and both parties.
Specific purchases can be divided into two categories - general materials and custom materials; general materials refer to the specific nature of the manufacturer, the name, address, contact information, product list, and Product shape, product structure, product use, product function, product use method, product material, product execution standard, product installation method, no need for secondary processing, standardization serialization and mass production according to the instruction manual The construction and accessories of transformers, such as various butterfly valves, casings, coolers, etc.; custom materials refer to specific drawings and special technical requirements (including methods and methods of inspection and testing, quality standards of special agreements, etc.) that must be provided according to the purchaser. Specialized design, manufacturing or small-volume production can be used to realize the exclusive use of special items that are agreed upon by Party A and Party B in advance.
The procurement of transformer technology covers three major aspects. One is to purchase some key technologies used in the transformer manufacturing process, especially proprietary technology and patented technology, which are not available or mature. The second is that procurement itself does not have Or some immature management techniques used in the manufacturing process of transformers; the third is to purchase relevant national standards (Chinese national standards, international standards, foreign standards), local standards, industry standards and Upgraded version of national standards (Chinese national standards, international standards, foreign standards), local standards, industry standards.
The quality of the general material procurement itself has the following aspects: 1 the consistency of the shape and the public pattern, 2 the consistency of the various size constraint data and the public pattern, 3 the consistency of the actual material and the publicity quality description, 4 the actual function and Compliance with the relevant instructions, 5 applicability, consistency of safety and public opinion, 6 compliance with relevant national standards, departmental standards (including corporate standards), industry standards, local standards, 7 use (technical) The normativeness and accuracy of the instructions and certificates of conformity;
The quality of the custom material procurement itself has the following aspects: 1 the consistency of the shape and the specific pattern requirements provided by the buyer, the consistency of the 2 size constraint data with the specific pattern label provided by the buyer, 3 actual materials and the demand side Consistency of quality special requirements, 4 actual functions and implementation of special technical requirements signed by both parties, 5 rationality of installation and disassembly, 6 applicability and safety and agreement, 7 surface treatment results The practicability, 8 compliance with relevant national standards, departmental standards (including corporate standards), industry standards, local standards and other special agreement quality standards, 9 the use of (technical) specifications and the conformity and accuracy of the certificate Sexuality and applicability.
In the procurement process of physical goods (including custom materials and general materials), the following principles should be observed: 1 purchase products of famous brand enterprises, 2 purchase famous brand products, 3 implement purchases by enterprises with high integrity and high reputation, 4 to manufacture similar products. History has a number of successful operations to implement procurement, 5 to companies with stable product quality to implement procurement, 6 under the same constraints to try to implement close-range procurement.
In the process of technology procurement, the following principles should be observed: 1 procurement of technology that is not available to itself, 2 procurement of immature technology, 3 procurement of technology synchronized with the times, 4 procurement of technology with a certain leading time limit, 5 procurement can be connected with itself Or embed its own technology, 6 procurement can be used, applicable, safe, mature technology, 7 procurement efficiency technology, 8 procurement can improve itself and improve its technology in a certain aspect or to some extent, 9 procurement has laws Technology based on and protected by law.
The technology for external procurement has the following aspects: 1 The calculation technology for purchasing transformers, such as a calculation book for a transformer with a specified capacity, voltage level, and special structure. 2 Purchasing the test technology of the transformer, such as upgrading one of its own products. When the voltage level is increased or an inspection test project has never been done, it is necessary to spend a certain amount of economic expenses to dispatch relevant personnel to study or hire relevant experts to conduct training guidance for the enterprise; 3 to purchase a proprietary design technology, such as With or without the design capability of a certain voltage level or a special structure transformer, it is necessary to spend a certain amount of economic expenses to carry out the procurement of the whole set of engineering drawings or partial master drawings, etc. 4 Purchasing process technology, such as the introduction of more than its own past production Body drying time for manufacturing product limit - temperature curve, pressure of coil pressing force - force area curve, body finishing curve, overall set process of large transformer coil and core stacking process, etc. Such as a new type of structural coil that has not been wound before. If you are unfamiliar with the operation method of a newly introduced equipment, you must spend a certain amount of economic expenses to send relevant personnel to study or hire relevant experts to conduct training and guidance. 6 Send relevant personnel, especially technicians, to relevant professional institutions after implementation. Academic study (including MBA and other management studies), or special research training for professional research institutes and similar enterprises, 7 commissioned relevant research institutions to carry out special technology research and development, 8 participate in industry associations or join professional technology network, 9 and A university or a research institute with a degree-granting authority will jointly establish a post-doctoral mobile workstation to share scientific research results.
Under normal circumstances, there is a certain spatial distance between transformer manufacturers and various suppliers. Some may be thousands of kilometers away or even some distant foreign countries. Transformer manufacturers implement various materials for external procurement. All need to reach the required purpose through certain logistics methods. The various reasons in the logistics process will cause the products of the sub-contractors manufactured by each transformer to meet the quality requirements, which is not equal to the quality of the products delivered to the transformer manufacturer. Therefore, The quality of the logistics process should be emphasized, strengthened, and controlled. Specific management measures, technical measures, economic measures, and legal measures should be formulated to ensure the quality of the logistics process; management measures can enable relevant organizations and personnel involved in the process. It is indeed responsible for the corresponding duties, the implementation of duties and duties to the people, the technical measures can ensure that the products in the logistics process are not deformed, not bad, and not damaged, and economic measures can ensure the organization and individuals involved in the logistics process in terms of economic gains and losses. With clear objectives, legal measures can clearly understand the process of participating in the logistics process. Weaving and personal legal responsibility; each transformer supporting supplier manufactures and manufactures externally procured materials that meet the quality requirements of transformer manufacturers. The fast, convenient, safe and reliable logistics process is the externally procured materials that meet the quality requirements of transformer manufacturers. The reliable guarantee, there is no trade-off between the two.
The quality of the transformer procurement process (delivery quality) - refers to the ultimate goal of the transformer manufacturer to implement the procurement activities in the agreement between the two parties (commercial contract) time, the quality of both on-time delivery and non-time delivery As a result, the time quality (delivery quality) in the transformer procurement process is cut from the management point of view, and the results of detailed analysis of the delivery quality can be used to interpret the response speed, service concept and cooperation attitude of the supplier (sub-contractor) in response to the market. , team spirit, integrity index, value orientation, manufacturing ability, law-abiding awareness, etc.
The quality of after-sales service in the process of transformer procurement – ​​refers to the suppliers that are supplied to the transformer manufacturer. When their products reach the working site of the transformer manufacturer, they have become a useful element of the transformer as a whole or have arrived with the transformer as a whole. After the final work site of the transformer, etc., the quality of the after-sales service such as on-site technical support or accident handling provided by the transformer manufacturer or the transformer manufacturer as an intermediate medium. We can analyze the quality of after-sales service in the process of transformer procurement from the following aspects: 1 provide the speed of after-sales service, 2 provide the effect of after-sales service, 3 provide the time limit of after-sales service, 4 provide the mentality of after-sales service. According to the principle that the quality runs through the whole process of product life, the quality of after-sales service is an effective component of product quality. The products with poor after-sales service quality are not good products. After-sales service is not only the responsibility and obligation of the main equipment manufacturer, but also the sub-contractor. After-sales service responsibilities and obligations, all products require after-sales service, all products must provide after-sales service, after-sales service is included in all stages of all products.
4 Conclusion
The transformer procurement process has the following two characteristics: First, the transformer manufacturer does not participate in the specific work during the period, and the manufacturing process of the target object is completely done outside the transformer manufacturer, so the quality of the target is also completely The external appearance of the transformer manufacturer, the transformer manufacturer can only ensure the quality of the subject matter in the transformer procurement process by adopting indirect means such as prior agreement and post-supervision inspection and inspection, and the prior agreement is the basis. Supervision and inspection after the acceptance is the means, the realization of the agreement is the purpose; Second, the transformer manufacturer spends the most external phase. Follow the process concept and analyze the problem. Everything happens and develops. There is a certain process. Every work and project has its own process. The former process is the input of the subsequent process, and the subsequent process is the reprocessing of the previous process. The quality of the process directly affects the quality of the subsequent processes; from the perspective of the transformer manufacturer, a transformer undergoes multiple stages of operation from the start of sales to the customer's network operation, all of which are in a large framework. The invariant sequence is connected in series, which is a negative feedback closed-loop and gate system within a certain range, which will affect the overall situation.
Borrowing the economical barrel principle, if any part of the quality of the staged process that forms the quality of the transformer is flawed or unqualified, it will lead to different levels of leakage or failure in the quality of the transformer. It may even lead to the failure of the overall quality of the transformer. First of all, suppliers are required to establish a solid idea of ​​serving customers. The quality of products is always in the heart. The product quality line is the lifeline. At the same time, transformer manufacturers are required to act conscientiously, act cautiously, and act in principle, and firmly establish quality first. The idea of ​​quality is greater than the day, we must adhere to the principle of quality, adhere to the bottom line of the last mile of quality, and never leave a little space for unqualified quality, and make a truly qualified party during the cooperation with suppliers, strengthen And to control the quality of the transformer procurement process, do everything possible to ensure the quality of the transformer procurement process.
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