Analysis and Prevention of Avalanche Risk Factors in Kyrgyz Mine
There are many mountains in the country, and one third of them are between 3000-4000 meters above sea level. The Kulu project mining area is between 2400-3000 meters above sea level. After entering the winter, the avalanche prevention and control work became the normalization work in the mine safety management work. The avalanche here probably occurred in spring and February, and in winter in December. Due to the steep mountain and low vegetation, avalanches occur frequently. The company communicated and collaborated with the Emergency Department of the Chatterkar District, and hired professional avalanche observers to conduct avalanche inspections and treatments.
The construction unit of Kulu Township was damaged by the avalanche.
1. Definition and harm of avalanche
On the snowy slopes, when the cohesive force inside the snow can't resist the gravity pull it receives, it slides down, causing a lot of snow to collapse. This natural phenomenon is called avalanche. Avalanche is a process of transforming potential energy into kinetic energy. First, a crack appears, and then the snow body splits along the crack moves downward. In the process of sliding downward, the speed is quickly obtained, and the gravity is applied from the height of the mountain to the slope. Collapse to the bottom of the mountain, the speed can reach 20--30 m / s when collapsed, and gradually gather kinetic energy even reaches 90 m / s, with suddenness, fast movement speed and great destructive power. The severity of an avalanche depends on the volume, temperature, and slope of the snow.
Avalanche shelter for self-design and construction of the Kuru project
2. Conditions for avalanche
The most terrible avalanches tend to occur on slopes with an angle of 25°-50°. If the mountain is too steep, it will not accumulate enough thick snow, and a hillside with too small slope is unlikely to produce an avalanche.
Wind power. The wind not only causes a large accumulation of snow, but also causes the snow particles to condense, forming a hard and brittle layer of snow, causing the upper layer of snow to slide along the underlying snow layer, creating an avalanche.
Human activities cause avalanches, creating loud sounds and skiing in the valley.
Avalanches caused by geological disasters, such as earthquakes.
The temperature rises and the snow melts.
3. Classification of avalanches
Avalanches are divided into wet avalanches and dry avalanches. Wet avalanche generally occurs after high temperature snowfall, because the surface snow layer melts into the lower layer of frozen snow to form a gap, which is not easily adsorbed to the frozen snow layer below, and the upper melting snow water penetrates into the lower part to form a free surface, and the friction is reduced. The snow slides down and creates an avalanche. Most of the wet avalanches are massive, heavy, dense and dangerous. Dry avalanches are formed at low temperatures and snow, and the snow is powdery, which accumulates when it reaches a certain thickness or when there is strong wind.
4, measures
â– Please design the anti-avalanche shed for the Kento Design Institute in Kyrgyzstan.
â– Segment trenches on the slopes of the avalanche area to buffer the avalanche speed and reduce the amount of avalanche.
â– Install explosives under the valley to treat avalanches that are prone to occur by manual blasting.
â– Establish avalanche observation points in the avalanche-prone areas of the mining area to observe the snow cover in time.
â– Formulate the “Avalanche Prevention Planâ€, and the security personnel will carry out anti-avalanche knowledge and ability training to accumulate the ability to respond to emergencies.
â– Establish a safe passage on the surface to connect the middle sections to prevent safe evacuation and rescue of personnel during the avalanche.
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